Application of Variable-Order Fractional Calculus to the Modeling of Calendar Aging in Lithium-Ion Batteries

Battery aging is one of the key challenges that electrochemical energy storage faces. Models for both cycling and calendar are valuable quantitatively assessing their contribution to overall capacity loss. Since batteries stored employed under varying conditions temperature state charge in real-life operation, availability a suitable model anticipate outcome lithium-ion dynamic great interest. In this article, we extend novel predict loss due by using variable-order fractional calculus. For purpose, some theoretical difficulties posed definitions discussed compared applying them fit experimental results with multi-parameter optimization procedure. We show employing allows significant improvement accuracy predictive ability respect its constant-order counterpart. conclude models constitute an interesting alternative reproducing complex behavior dynamical systems, such as batteries.